The Eastern Kentucky University's College of Science offers a broad range of degree programs in physical, life and mathematical sciences, mathematics, and computer science, and prepares students to become teachers of science and mathematics at the secondary level through its six departments: Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geosciences, Mathematics and Statistics, and Physics and Astronomy.

The College also offers pre-professional programs in engineering, medicine, optometry, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, physical therapy, and physician assistant.

The College of Science was created on July 1, 2016 as part of the restructuring of the former College of Arts and Sciences.