Abstract

This paper examines the long-term impacts of the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) in western Kentucky, framing its legacy as a form of “invisible fallout” in which economic growth was accompanied by delayed environmental and public health consequences. Established in the early 1950s, the plant served as a major economic driver, providing stable employment and transforming the regional economy. However, its operation involved the handling of radioactive materials and hazardous chemicals, leading to environmental contamination and occupational exposure risks that were not fully disclosed during its active years.

Drawing on epidemiological studies, environmental reports, and socioeconomic analyses, this study identifies clear patterns of increased health risks among workers, including elevated rates of cancer, respiratory illness, and kidney disease linked to uranium and chemical exposure. Contamination of soil and groundwater further extended these risks to surrounding communities, where long-term exposure pathways remain a concern. The persistence of pollutants such as technetium-99 and trichloroethylene highlights the enduring nature of industrial contamination.

The paper also situates the PGDP within broader frameworks of environmental injustice, emphasizing how economic dependence and limited political influence contributed to the unequal distribution of environmental and health burdens. By integrating scientific data with historical and social context, this research demonstrates how the benefits of Cold War industrial development were offset by lasting consequences that continue to affect the region. Ultimately, the concept of invisible fallout underscores the need to balance economic advancement with long-term public health and environmental protection.

Semester/Year of Award

Spring 5-4-2026

Mentor

Laurel Schwartz

Mentor Department Affiliation

Health Promotion and Administration

Access Options

Open Access Thesis

Degree Name

Honors Scholars

Degree Level

Bachelors

Department

Health Promotion and Administration

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